Credits to wiktionary.
The full thing can be downloaded, for free, here: https://anonfiles.cc/file/90416cbdc470db512742183583b438bd
This is the 1.0 draft, in the next draft I will enumerate the words (for example: 1.de 2.je 3.est ... and so on). They are not enumerated but they are sorted by frequency.
Preview:
de
Etymology
From Latin dē.
Pronunciation
•
IPA(key):
/də/
•
Rhymes: -ə
Preposition
de
1.
of (expresses belonging)
–
1837,
Louis Viardot, chapter I, in L’Ingénieux
Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la
Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra:
–
Dans
une bourgade de la Manche, dont je
ne veux pas me rappeler le nom, vivait, il n’y a pas longtemps, un hidalgo ....
–
In a village of La Mancha, whose name I do not
want to remember, lived, not long ago, an hidalgo ....
Paris est
la capitale de la France. ―
Paris is the capital of France.
En 1905,
les églises devinrent la propriété de
l'État. ― In 1905, churches became the property of the state.
2.
of (used to express property or association)
Œuvres de Fermat ― Fermat’s Works
Elle est
la femme de mon ami. ― She is my
friend’s wife.
le voisin de Gabriel ― Gabriel's neighbor
3.
from (used to indicate origin)
Elle vient
de France. ― She comes from France.
Êtes-vous de Suisse ? ― Are you from Switzerland?
Ce fromage
vient d’Espagne. ― This cheese
is from Spain.
C’est de l’ouest de la France. ― It’s from the west of France.
Le train
va de Paris à Bordeaux. ― The
train goes from Paris to Bordeaux.
4.
of (indicates an amount)
5 kilos de pommes. ― 5 kilograms of apples.
Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine
Une
portion de frites ― A portion of fries
5.
used attributively, often translated into
English as a compound word
Un jus de pomme ― An apple juice
Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine
Une boîte de nuit ― A night club
Un chien de garde ― A guard dog
Une
voiture de sport ― A sports car
Un stade de football ― A football stadium
6.
from (used to indicate the start of a time or
range)
De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. ― From 9 to 11 I won’t be free.
Je
travaille de huit heures à midi.
― I work from 8 o'clock to noon.
un groupe de cinq à huit personnes ― a group
of [from] five to eight people
7.
used after certain verbs before an infinitive,
often translating into English as a gerund or an infinitive
J’ai arrêté de fumer. ― I stopped
smoking.
Il continue de
m’embêter. ― He keeps annoying me.
Elle m’a
dit de venir. ― She told me to
come.
Nous vous proposons de
venir. ― We suggest you to come.
8.
by
Boire
trois tasses par jour réduirait de
20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. ― Drinking three cups a
day would reduce the risk of catching an illness by 20%.
Usage notes
Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, de elides to d’. Before the article le, it contracts with the
article into du,
as shown in the example above. Before the article les,
it contracts with the article into des.
Le Songe d’une nuit d’été — “A Midsummer Night’s
Dream” (Literally, “The Dream of a
night of summer”)
La queue du chien — “The dog’s tail”
Index des auteurs — “Index of the authors”
Article
de
1.
(indefinite) some; any (in questions or negatives)
Je
voudrais de la viande. ― I would
like some meat.
Est-ce
qu'il y a de la bonne musique ?
― Is there any good music?
Nous
cherchons du lait. ― We're
looking for some milk.
2.
(negative) a, an, any
Elle n'a
pas de mère. ― She does not have
a mother.
Il n'a pas
de crayon. ― He does not have a
pencil.
Je n'ai
pas de temps. ― I do not have
any time.
Usage notes
In the positive, de
is usually used with a definite article, as in the examples. In the negative,
without an article.
Derived terms
•
(contractions): d’, du,
des
Anagrams
•
ed, éd.
External links
•
“de” in le Trésor de la langue
française informatisé (The
Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
je
Etymology
From Old French jo,
from Vulgar
Latin *eo,
from Latin
ego, from Proto-Indo-European
*éǵh₂. Near cognates
include Spanish yo
and Italian io.
Further cognates include Ancient Greek ἐγώ
(egṓ), Russian я
(ya) English I,
German ich, etc.
Pronunciation
•
IPA(key):
/ʒə/
•
Rhymes: -ə
Pronoun
je (first person singular, plural nous,
object me, emphatic
moi)
1.
I
Usage notes
•
When several pronouns are included in the same
sentence, it is considered impolite to say the pronoun je first; it must be the last one, and tu must be said after
third persons (this applies also for toi
and moi):
–
Nous
irons, Rose, toi et moi.
–
You, Rose, and I will go.
Derived terms
•
j'
Related terms
French personal
pronouns
External links
•
“je” in le Trésor de la langue
française informatisé (The
Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
est
Etymology 1
From Old French, from Old English ēast.
Pronunciation
•
IPA(key):
/ɛst/
Adjective
est m,
f (invariable)
1.
east
Noun
est m (plural est)
1.
east
Synonyms
•
orient, levant
Etymology 2
From Latin est,
ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
Pronunciation
•
IPA(key):
/ɛ/
Verb
est
1.
third-person singular present indicative of être
Derived terms
•
c'est
Anagrams
•
set, Ste., tes
External links
•
“est” in le Trésor de la langue
française informatisé (The
Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
pas
Etymology
From Latin passus.
Its use as an auxiliary adverb comes from an accusative use (Latin nec...passum)
in negative constructions – literally ‘not...a step’, i.e. ‘not at all’ –
originally used with certain verbs of motion.
Pronunciation
•
IPA(key):
/pa/, /pɑ/
Noun
pas m (plural pas)
1.
step, pace, footstep
2.
(geography) strait (e.g., Pas de Calais, ""Strait of Dover"")
Derived terms
•
à pas de loup
Adverb
pas
1.
(ne ... pas) not
Je ne sais
pas. ― I don't know
2.
(colloquial) not
J’veux pas travailler. ― I don't wanna
work.
(abbreviation of: Je ne veux pas travailler.)
Derived terms
•
pourquoi pas
•
je ne comprends pas
Related terms
•
passage
•
passer
External links
•
“pas” in le Trésor de la langue
française informatisé (The
Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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